摘要:自从石油成为世界的主要能源之后，油价的波动就影响着世界经济的发展以及国际政治关系。通过研究国际市场石油价格形成机制准确地把握国际石油价格的走势，这样便可以调控国际石油价格波动给各国经济带来的冲击。
本文主要分析了国际石油价格波动的历史与现状，探讨了需求与供应在国际石油价格形成机制中的作用，研究了影响国际石油价格的各个因素，长期条件下受经济发展水平、替代能源、OPEC、非OPEC、石油储量、期货市场的影响，短期条件下受石油大国的供应政策、气候因素、产油国局势动荡的影响。最后为更好的应对世界石油价格波动提出了建议，比如要建立国家石油战略储备、积极开发新能源、参与国际定价话语权、以市场为基础等等。
关键词：国际贸易 价格机制 石油
ABSTRACT:Since the oil to become the world's primary energy, fluctuations in oil prices will affect the development of world economy and international political relations. Through the research on the international market oil price formation mechanism, accurately grasp the international oil price movements so they can control the impact of the international oil price fluctuations brings to the national economic.
This paper mainly analyses the history and present situation of international oil price fluctuations, discusses the demand and supply in the role of international oil price forming mechanism, studied various factors affecting international oil price, for a long time under the condition of the level of economic development, alternative energy, OPEC and non-OPEC oil reserves, the influence of the futures market, short-term conditions by oil power supply policy, climate factors, the influence of the oil producers of instability. Finally to better cope with the world oil price fluctuations are proposed, such as to establish a national oil strategic reserve, active development of new energy, participation in international pricing power, take the market as the foundation, and so on.
Keywords：the international trade；price mechanism；petroleum
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