试论探望权制度的完善.doc

摘要:探望权是指父母离婚后，不直接抚养子女的一方定期或不定期看望子女并与子女交往的权利。探望权制度的建立对我国保障子女和离婚父母的合法权益具有很重要的意义。它的设立既有利于未成年子女的健康成长，又有利于社会的和谐发展，符合了现代各国婚姻家庭立法发展的趋势。而现有的我国探望权制度规定的内容不明确，探望权主体过于狭窄，中止事由不明确，执行难度比较大，对未成年子女的保护仍显不足。借鉴一些国外的立法经验，从制度层面上进行分析比较，认为我国现在的探望权制度需要以下方面进行完善：确立子女最大利益原则作为指导原则；适当调整探望权主体的范围；内容上作出明确规定；明确探望权中止的情形；加大对探望权的救济力度，保护探望权法律关系当事人的合法权益。总之，在中国今后的立法进程中，贯彻以未成年子女利益最大化的立法宗旨，建立一个将子女本位的立法理念融入亲子法中的，内容全面、具体，易于操作执行的探望权制度，切实保障未成年子女的利益。

关键词：探望权，子女最大利益，完善

Abstract:Visitation is the divorce of her parents, the party does not directly raise their children to visit their children regularly or irregularly, and the right contacts with their children. Right now the establishment of visiting our country to protect children and the legitimate rights of divorced parents have a very important significance It's set up is conducive to the healthy growth of young children, but also conducive to the harmonious development of society, in line with the development of modern national trends in marriage and family legislation.And the existing rights regime in China to visit the content is not clear,the right to visit the main is too narrow to suspend the subject is not clear, the implementation of relatively large degree of difficulty, for the protection of minor children remained inadequate.The example of some foreign legislative experience,from the system analysis and comparison on the level that China's current visitation system needs to improve the following areas: Establish the principle of best interests of children as a guiding principle；appropriate adjustments to the right of the main visiting area；content of clear regulations；a clear case of suspension of visitation；increase visitation relief efforts to protect the right to visit the legitimate rights and interests of legal relations.In short, China's future legislative process to implement, in order to maximize the interests of minor children, the legislative purpose, the establishment of a legislative-based concept of the children into the parent-child law,and the contents of a comprehensive, specific,easy to operate system for the implementation of the visitation right, truly protect the interests of minor children.

Key words:  Visitaion Rights；The best Interest of Child；Perfect

　　　探望权在国外被称为探视权或交往权，主要是指父母离婚后，不直接抚养子女的一方定期或不定期看望子女并与子女交往的权利。该权利主要是维护未与子女共同生活的一方与子女之间的交往，保障父母与子女的感情联络。探望权制度源于英美法系，为处理离婚后父母探视子女提供了法律依据，后来逐渐被各国立法所接受和引用。

　　　而我国新修正的《婚姻法》第38条规定：“离婚后，不直接抚养子女一方的父或母有探望子女的权利，另一方有协助的义务。行使探望权的方式、时间由当事人协议，协议不成的，由人民法院依法判决。父或母探望子女，不利于子女身心健康的，由人民法院依法中止探望的权利；中止的事由消失后，应当恢复探望的权利。”

　　婚姻法的修改弥补了父母对子女的探望权在立法上的空白。但是该条款对于未成年子女利益的保护力度仍然存在不足，在实践中还会存在大量阻扰那些没有与子女共同生活一方的父或母和子女见面、借探望子女之名骚扰子女和新的家庭正常生活、因探望权得不到实现而拒绝支付抚养费、怠于行使探望权等现象。