浅析柏拉图正义观及其对构建和谐社会的启示.doc

摘要：正义是人类社会一直希望实现的重要目标，随着时代的变迁，正义的内涵也不断发生着变化。最早明确系统探讨正义问题的思想家是古希腊的柏拉图，他从正义与非正义的对立统一中讨论正义并在主体上将正义分为国家正义与个人正义。国家正义指统治者、辅助者、生产者三个阶级各司其职，各得其所；而个人正义则指灵魂中理性、激情、欲望各尽其责。在柏拉图看来“哲学王”统治和公共教育是实现正义的两大途径，他的正义观启示我们在构建社会主义和谐的征程中要重视哲学修养，全面发展公共教育，加强以正义观为核心的公民道德建设，兼顾个人正义与国家正义。

关键词：柏拉图; 正义观; 和谐社会

Abstract: Justice is human society has always hoped to achieve important goals, with the changes of the times, the connotation of justice is constantly changing.The earliest clear system of justice issues discussed is the ancient Greek thinkers Plato.He discussed the justice from the unity of opposites between justice and injustice. He put justice into national justice and individual justice. National justice refers to the rulers, the helper, the producer three class people carry out their duties, play their proper role. While the individual justice refers to the soul, passion, desire to do his duty. In the view of Platon "philosophy king" rule and public education are two ways to realize the justice. His justice enlightens us in the construction of socialist harmonious journey should pay attention to the culture of philosophy, the development of public education, strengthen the construction of citizen morality as the core to justice, both individual and national justice .

Keywords: Platon; justice; harmonious society

　　虽然柏拉图的正义观博大精深，蕴含着丰富的哲学与政治学智慧，但也不可避免地带有那个时代的阶级观念。例如他过于强调国家正义，而忽视了个体的需求，他将国家中的人分为三个等级，透漏出森严的等级观念，在今天看来，这种分类本身就不符合正义。因此，我们要辩证地看待柏拉图的正义观，取其精华,去其糟粕。正义与非正义虽然是一对矛盾，一定条件下可以相互转化，但正义的根本准则不会改变，即符合社会基本的道德标准、价值取向的理性的行为。通过探究柏拉图的正义观，我们知道在构建和谐社会的征程中要重视提高哲学素养，全面发展公共教育并且加强以正义观为核心的公民道德建设，兼顾个人正义与国家正义。