摘要:PID控制器具有结构简单、容易实现、控制效果好、鲁棒性强等特点，是迄今为止最稳定的控制方法。它所涉及的参数物理意义明确，理论分析体系完整，并为工程界所熟悉，因而在工业过程控制中得到了广泛应用。从实际需要出发，一种好的PID控制器参数整定方法，不仅可以减少操作人员的负担，还可以使系统处于最佳运行状态。因此，对PID控制器参数整定法的研究具有重要的实际意义。但是传统的PID控制应用于复杂的实际系统时存在一定的局限性，对一些大滞后大惯性或者复杂系统常规PID的控制效果不好甚至不能控。而融合了先进智能控制思想的专家控制和传统PID构成的智能PID控制器具有良好的特性。能够缩短调节时间，完全消除稳态误差，也令到误差绝对值能够以最快的速度降至为零。抗干扰能力强。本文主要介绍了专家控制方面的发展史，这个领域国内外的发展情况以及专家控制器的控制方法以及分析了它的特点。叙述matlab软件的相关应用和simulnk的功能，然后用matlab软件编写出相应的程序，仿真出一个以二阶系统为基础在阶跃响应下的动态仿真图。再与用simulink直接仿真出来的动态图相比较，得出在PID 控制下，加入了专家控制后的控制效果是显著不同的。
关键词：PID 控制，PID 参数整定，专家系统，智能PID，matlab 仿真
Abstract:So far, the PID is the most common control arithmetic. Its structure is simple and easy to implement, however, the control effect is perfect and it has a strong robust characteristics. The physical parameters is, meaning of ,theoretical analysis of system is integrity, and it is familiar by the engineering sector, which in the industrial process control has been widely used. For the actual needs, a good parameter PID controller tuning method can not only reduce the burden on operators, but also make the system running at best. Therefore, the fixed PID controller parameter tuning study has important practical significance.The conventional PID contral is limited when large inerita of some large time delay or conventional PID control of complex systems can not even control ineffective,whereas the intelligent PID control fused by advanced intelligent control thought,expert experirence and conventional PID control has a favorable characteristic.It can shorten the setting time,completely eliminate steady state error,also made the absolute margin of error down to zero as soon as possible.Strong anti-jamming capability. This paper presents the history of the expert control,this field of development at home and abroad and Expert PID controller genetic algorithm.The characteristics are also discussed.And presents about the appliance of the software-matlab and the function of simulink.Then use matlab and write program ,simulate a dynamic simulation of figure based on a second-order system through the step response.Then compare with the figure which simulate by simulink directly.At last, by using PID control,when add expert control to the system,the effect of the control is significantly different.
Keyword:PID control,PID Paremeter setting,Expert system,Intelligent PID,Matlab Simulation
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