摘 要：人类的发展离不开能源，为了解决人类面临的能源短缺的问题，同时也为了改善因使用化石能源而被污染的环境，各国政府都在大力发展新能源产业。这其中，直接利用太阳能的光伏产业在近年发展迅速。发展光伏产业，是我国通过新能源建立低碳经济的一部分，因而光伏产业从发展初始就受到了各级政府的大力扶持。但自从美国和欧盟对中国的光伏产品发起双反调查以来，中国光伏产业产品出口危机便愈演愈烈。如果光伏产业因无法顺利度过此次危机而受到严重打击，则意味着中国转变经济发展方式、培育新的经济增长点的战略将失去重要支撑。
本文首先介绍了我国光伏产业的现状与特点，指出了现阶段光伏产品出口中存在的诸如价格持续降低，依赖海外市场等问题。而由于光伏产品出口的危机在本质上是国内光伏产业危机造成的，因此本文分析了国内光伏产业链中存在的包括产能过剩，结构不合理，污染严重在内的一些问题。然后重点探讨了德国上网电价政策，介绍了德国上网电价法的具体内容以及其对开发德国光伏产品市场，促进德国光伏产业发展得巨大作用，以此为参照总结了该政策对于我国值得借鉴之处。最后根据前文指出的问题提出了建议：光伏产业不仅要积极应对欧美的双反诉讼，更重要的是加强产业整合和结构调整并且加速开拓国内市场。
关键词：光伏产业；出口；危机；对策
ABSTRACT：Human can’t develop without energy resources. To solve the crisis of human resource and the environment polluted by fossil resources,new energy industries are encouraged by governments from all countries. Among the new energy industries, PV industry which takes advantages of solar energy directly has boomed these years. Developing PV industry i spart of China’s strategy to built a low-carbon economy through clean energy. As a result, China’s PV industry has been supported by governments at all levels since its origin. However, the overcapacity crisis of PV products’s export is becoming increasingly serious since several antidumping and countervailing cases raised by the U.S. and EU. If China’s PV industry can’t survive this crisis, China’s strategy to transform the pattern of economic development and to creat new economic growth areas will loss a great support.
We introduec the status and characteristics of China’s PV industry and point out problems including the continuously decreasing price and greatly dependent on overseas market. These problems universally exist in the export of Chinese PV products. Because the export problems is essentially caused by the crisis happened in domestic PV industry, we analyze some problems existing through PV industrial chain, including overcapacity, irrational structure and serious pollution. Then we focus on Feed-in Tariffs policy in Genmany. We introduce its content and its great impact on the development of Genmany’s PV product market and PV industry. According these, we make some summary that worth learing. At last, according to the problems been pionted out before, we give some that China’s PV industry should not only positively respond to dual action, but also strengthen industry consolidation, adjust the industrial structure and accelerate developing the domestic market.
Keywords: PV industry;export; crisis; notion
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