ABSTRACT:Jack London is one of the most famous novelists during the late 19th century and early 20th century, and most of his novels are familiar to people, especially his masterpiece The Call of the Wild. Since the environment crisis is more and more serious, we would like to analyze this novel in a new view of eco-criticism perspective, and hope to rediscover the relationship between human and nature, to criticize anthropocentrism and to encourage human to get well along with nature. By analyzing the relationship among nature, human and animals of The Call of the Wild from a perspective of eco-criticism this paper criticizes anthropocentrism, advocates that human beings should return to nature, meanwhile to look for equilibrium point between nature and civilization.
Ecological criticism as a method of literary criticism, aims to probe the literary text, to solve the increasingly serious ecological crisis, and to provide feasible way for human beings to create a harmonious ecological environment.
This paper will firstly discuss the relationship between human and nature. Human’s desire for materials make them deprive nature limitlessly. Then it will discuss the relationship between human and animals in this book. Criticize anthropocentrism through human’s rough treatment to dogs.. Finally, the relationship between animal and nature will be discussed. Through the scene that animals live with nature freely and happily, this paper comes to an answer that Ecological holism is the way to reach ecological harmony.
In the end this paper will put forward some suggestions of the problems discussed above, and then will summarize this paper, human should respect animals and nature, and regard human themselves as a part of nature. Only in this way, can human beings harmoniously exist with nature.
Key words: Jack London The Call of the Wild eco-criticism anthropocentrism ecological holism
摘要:杰克·伦敦是十九世纪末二十世纪初最杰出的小说家之一，他的大部分著作都被人们所了解，特别是他的代表作《野性的呼唤》。由于环境危机的日益严重,人们开始从生态批评这个新的视角分析这部作品，并且希望重新认识人与自然的关系，对人类中心主义进行批判，鼓励人们和自然和谐相处。本文通过从生态批评视角对《野性的呼唤》中人与自然，人与动物，动物与自然的关系进行分析，对人类中心主义进行批判，倡导人类应回归自然，在文明与自然中寻找到平衡点。
生态批评作为一种文学批评方法，旨在通过对文学文本的探讨，解决当下日益严重的生态危机，为人类营造和谐的生态环境提供一种可行性的途径。
本文将讨论这本书中人与自然的关系，对物质的欲望，使得人们无限制地剥夺自然。然后讨论人与动物的关系，通过人类对待动物的粗暴态度，批评人类中心主义的思想和行为。最后将讨论动物与自然的关系。通过动物生活在自然中的自由和快乐的场景，来回答生态整体主义是实现生态和谐的方式。
本文还将对文中讨论的问题提出一些建议，然后对本论文进行总结，人类应该尊重动物和大自然，把自己看作是自然的一部分。只有这样，人类才能和自然和谐共生。
关键词：杰克·伦敦 《野性的呼唤》 生态主义 人类中心主义 生态整体主义
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